Adsorption, Ion Exchange & Water Chemistry

Activated carbon, softening, demineralization, chemical-treatment and disinfection concepts.

Adsorption of selected organic compounds and other constituents onto porous carbon.

Fixed-bed adsorption for polishing and selected contaminant removal.

Transfer dissolved compounds from water onto a solid surface.

Swap selected dissolved ions between water and a solid resin.

Reduce hardness ions to limit selected scaling and process problems.

Reduce dissolved ionic content for higher-purity process water.

Why chemicals may be used for pH control, coagulation, precipitation, scale, corrosion or biological control.

Why dosing systems need verification, containment, instrument checks and process feedback.

High-level concepts for creating highly reactive species to transform selected contaminants.

UV, oxidants and other approaches for microbial control at a conceptual level.

Use UV energy to inactivate microorganisms without adding a disinfectant chemical.

Use ozone as a strong oxidant for selected treatment and disinfection applications.